Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease - 957 Words

Critical Analysis Introduction Hypertension impacts nearly 25% of the adult population around the world. It is considered one of the foremost risk factors for mortality, and is responsible for 13.5% of all deaths. In addition, half of all strokes and ischemic cardiac disease are triggered from high blood pressure (Pepin et al.2014). According to the newest guidelines, hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 or a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 (Jin, 2014). Systemic hypertension remains one of the most modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In hypertensive patients, between 12%-27% require at least 3 medications to achieve sufficient control; these patients are considered to have resistant hypertension. Furthermore, those with resistant hypertension have a 50% greater chance of experiencing a cardiovascular event in comparison to those without resistant hypertension, and according to the literature, the numbers of cases are increasing (Martinez-Garcia et al. 2013). As of recent, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been recognized as a risk factor in the development of hypertension according to European and US International guidelines (Pepin et al. 2014). Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by the collapse of the upper airway during sleep, consequently ending in intermittent asphyxia. Moreover, this disruption increases brain arousal, transient hypoxemia, and increased sympathetic flow.Show MoreRelatedRisk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesIntro Roughly 50 million people in the United States have hypertension (high blood pressure), one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Millions go undiagnosed because of the lack of signs and symptoms. Most people with high blood pressure have primary hypertension, which occurs when the increase in blood pressure is due to a person’s lifestyle. Some of the causes of primary hypertension include: 1. Caffeine 2. Sodium 3. Heredity 4. Lack of exercise 5. Stress Blood pressure is theRead MoreEssay on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors995 Words   |  4 PagesCardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Although the term cardiovascular disease refers to a disorder of the cardiovascular system, it is usually associated with atherosclerosis, also known as arterial disease. It is considered the leading cause of deaths in the world, taking 17.1 million lives a year. There are only a few factors that are non-modifiable, these being the persons age, gender, family history and their race and ethnicity. Although there are non-modifiable risk factors, there are multipleRead MoreRisk Factors For Developing Cardiovascular Disease895 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s world, there is a plethora of ailments. Diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose levels are a real concern for individuals. According to Prasanna Kumar (2011), the previously listed ailments are a cluster of individual illnesses that make up Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Therefore, MetS is not accepted as a disease, rather a syndrome with numerous risk factors for developing cardiovas cular disease (CVD) or diabetes. Lawrence Lawrence (2013) stateRead MoreHypertension : Risk Factor For Cardiovascular Disease1560 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension: Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Valerie Murguia #54531222 PH 1 Summer Session II 2016 Second Year Dr. Zuzana Bic I. Public Health Problem Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, has become a major risk factor for several types of heart disease across the globe. In the United States alone, nearly 70 million adults have been diagnosed with this condition [1]. Hypertension is a condition in which arterial walls experience extremeRead MoreRisk Factors For Developing Cardiovascular Disease896 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, it seems there are a plethora of ailments. Diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose levels are a real concern for individuals. According to Prasanna Kumar (2011), the previously listed ailments are a cluster of individual illnesses that make up Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Therefore, MetS is not accepted as a disease, rather a syndrome with numerous risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes. Lawrence Lawrence (2013) stateRead MoreRisk Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease1874 Words   |  8 Pagesof exercise is a viable means to effectively manage the primary risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that exercise improves the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen, and enhances the capacity of the blood vessels to dilate in response to exercise, consistent with better ability to provide oxygen to the muscles during exercise. Additionally, the exercise enhances the respiratory and cardiovascular systems by inducing higher breathing rate and faster heart rateRead MoreHypertension Is The Leading Risk Factor For Cardiovascular Disease In Germany1096 Words   |  5 Pageswesternized diet. Hypertension, in conjunction with other risk factors, is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Germany. It is estimated that 33% of the total population is affected by high blood pressure (RKI, 2015). The healthcare infrastructure and access to basic needs also contribute to the health profile in Germany. Health care insurance remains a universal system that features a multi-payer system combining statutory health insurance (SHI) that account for 85% of the populationRead MoreThe Importance Of Pharmacist Care At The Management Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors988 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Pharmacist Care in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in adults worldwide and it accounts for approximately one-third of mortality in Canada and in the United States. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is also another major cause of death worldwide. The reduction of BP is a cornerstone of the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are numerous hypertensive patients that do not achieve adequateRead MoreHypertension : The Most Dangerous Risk Factors For Preventable Cardiovascular Disease1140 Words   |  5 Pagesmost dangerous risk factors for preventable cardiovascular disease. This illness occurs when the blood that goes through the blood vessels is excessive; this puts pressure into the vessel walls. Stress is not a clear factor for the heart disease or high blood pressure but what is clear is that depression influences people’s health negatively causing a great number of severe diseases and health issues. This paper will discuss hypertension and one o f the main causes for this disease, which is stressRead MoreThe Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking And Novel Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease704 Words   |  3 PagesRelationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Novel Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease In The United States In a study of the general population of the United States, over 17,000 individuals were examined on the relationship between cigarette smoking and the levels of homocysteine, fibrinogen, and serum C-reactive protein. Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease have been linked and the topic has not been studied much. Cardiovascular disease was the cause of death in 40% of the United States

The Role Of Fiscal And Monetary Policies - 1938 Words

In Australia the use of fiscal and monetary policies are implemented to achieve a steadily growing and stable economy. The main features to achieving the macroeconomics objectives are fiscal policy, monetary policy and floating the exchange rate. Macroeconomics looks at the economy as a whole and these policies are used and manipulated due to the current state of the economy. The four main macroeconomic objectives are full employment, external balance, economic growth and price stability. The changes to rates and implementations from the Government will be documented in terms of months. Not all rates change monthly (eg. GDP presented quarterly) but all trends such as unemployment and expenditure and analysed in time brackets of months†¦show more content†¦The agreement states that several tariffs are eliminated between the two countries when importing or exporting goods. This trade shows interdependence between the two countries as they are agreeing on terms which benefit ea ch other. Important factors of the trade agreement will affect the supply of Australian agricultural exports positively. General evidence of this can be seen in the decrease of the exchange rate from January (20th) to February (23rd) as it decreased by 2.2 (66.60 - 64.4) which can be seen as expansionary for the economy. The trade agreement also includes key outcomes such as market access for Australian law firms and financial services provided from China to Australia. Both firms and consumers will benefit from the agreement as goods such as electronics, whitegoods and general exports will be cheaper. These outcomes will most likely result in growth which complies with Australia’s economic goal of growth, and steady inflation. Above this inflation will most likely decrease next month as price stability will take effect on the Australian economy. The free-trade agreement also links with Micro Economic reform as trade is ongoing and promotes competition. As the supply of Austra lian dollars on the Forex market will be increasing due to cheaper imports, this will apply an upward pressure to the exchange rate. External balance will also be achieved through the agreement as both importers and exporters will be benefited. February 2015 In the second

Differences Between the Federalists and Jeffersonians Free Essays

During the early formative years of our nation, George Washington and John Adams both opposed any development towards splitting politics into two divisions. The two early leaders thought of it to be very unconstitutional, stating that Americans need to set aside their differences and remain unified. However, the rapidly growing interests of north and south, rich and poor, and industry and agriculture were all tossed around until two major political groups were finally formed. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between the Federalists and Jeffersonians or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, who preferred urban life and supported northern efforts, envisioned that the new country’s federal government should have more power, and wanted it to be a replica of the British system. In addition, Hamilton strived towards the creation of national banks that would establish fiscal policy, use debt to establish credit, and regulate a national currency. However, opposing viewers feared that a stronger federal government would do nothing but wipe out the newly born democracy. The opposing competitors such as the Jeffersonians led by Thomas Jefferson, who preferred rural life and spoke for southern efforts, believed that it would be more necessary to provide the majority of the power with the individual states. The Jeffersonians also believed that the creation of national banks was unconstitutional, and that it wasn’t permitted by our early forefathers. As differences continued to occur, Americans only saw the gap between the two political parties widening more and more. When it came to foreign policy, Jefferson and Hamilton both encouraged America to remain neutral and to not take sides. They wanted the country to build relationships with other nations, but also to stay clear of any international conflict. However, Jefferson thought that America should be helping the French efforts against the British, while Hamilton thought that war efforts should be targeted at helping their mother country of England defeat the French. As time went on, the differences between both parties only grew on and on. While Jefferson seized agriculture to be the backbone of the nation, Hamilton wanted the economy to be equally balanced between agriculture, trade, finance, and manufacturing. All in all, both men were very well educated. Even though they shared completely different political views, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton both made enormous contributions in shaping the new nation, and expected nothing less than a wonderful future for the United States. How to cite Differences Between the Federalists and Jeffersonians, Papers

CSR as Corporate Political Activity †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the CSR as Corporate Political Activity. Answer: Introduction: In the modern day firms the ways of doing business have changed. They have become more conscious about their growth and welfare of their stakeholders. In the changing business norms it has become essential for the bigger firms like IKEA to manage the work in a better way (Fuoli 2012, 55-81). This can be done with the help of introspecting on the various aspects of the business. IKEA is one of the leading retail sector firms which deal in the business of accessories, furniture and home appliances. Since 2008 it is the worlds largest furniture retailer. This report analyses the behaviour and actions of IKEA as well as the communication that is being used inside the organisation. IKEA being one of the largest retailers have to think very positively on the way it behaves in the market. This can be understood by the fact that IKEA believes on its strong organisational values that somehow relies on the norms in Sweden. They are highly declined towards the opinion and values of their founder. The behaviour of the IKEA is or its employees are based on the norms and values that are outside the working hours. In the companys profile they have added many people from different domains. In the larger part of the story this company is assembling all its values in one line so that all the stakeholders benefits can be ensured. One of the best examples of this is their workforce diversity which has members from different ethnic society. The gender and age distribution inside the IKEA is best. Companys social performance has been on the good side as they are meeting all the demands of the society. In terms of community development, human rights and CSR activities they have surpassed most of their competitors. Company has dedicated their time on developing the environment at the workplace (Liao 2011). There is both positive and negative side of the behaviour. One positive aspect of their behaviour is their diversity management. Since they understand the importance of managing diversity at the workplace hence they have recruited people from different domain so as to fulfil the need of the industry. This has helped them in maintaining the human rights as their employees are highly paid and they work in the best of the environments. They have taken extra are regarding the health condition of their employees. The have launched their non-profit missions is to support innovation in field of interior and architectural design (Alnge, Clancy and Marmgren 2016, 1009-1022). On the negative side of their behaviour is related to the sustainable business as described in the article Atlantic Monthly in the year 2009, it was the least sustainable retailer on the planet. Since they are the 3rd largest cons umers of the good but they have not given their time towards plantation on the large scale. This company has refused to pay a premium wood guaranteed to be legal. Towards this they have to do more. IKEA has taken many actions so as to expand their growth margins. In their strategies they have taken the interest of their stakeholders along with the demand of the consumers on the first priority (Tarnovskaya and Chernatony 2011, 598-618). They are planning to move towards powering all their stores and workplace with the help of renewable energy. They have made their personal internal tool so as to measure sustainability (Schirone 2012, 54-73). This included a series of 11 metrics. This was important for the image of the company as they were scoring low on the sustainable business development. They have taken actions against the child labour. IKEA have dedicated their focus towards the design of the products they are selling. This has led to make products like furniture that can be easily transported from one place to another. All the actions taken by the company had a greater impact on the society and the stakeholders that is associated with it. One of the positive aspects of the IKEAs actions is that they have made plans for sustainable development which is necessary for the growth of society and their stakeholders. Their plan will help in reducing the amount of wood they are using by the method of recycling or conducting plantation programs. Since previously the prices of the products were on the higher side hence they are developing the operational management that will help them in reducing the amount of waste. This will further help in reducing the prices of their products (Awan, Arwar and Raza 2011, 1-3). With their actions towards the social marketing they have done well in the business. They have made changes in the organisational structure so as to promote their lower level staffs in the decision making process. This has resulted on the positive side. They have taken long term actions as well as voluntary actions so as to think about the native people that are linked with their business. On the negative side it has been observed that the stakeholders are compelled towards hidden cost (Blom 2015, 20-34). Many a times their business lacks in the social skills. They have made strategies towards increasing the available natural resources they have. This will also help in the development of flora and fauna which is necessary for the ecology. They conduct surveys from time to time among their stakeholders so as to understand their mood towards their business (Tarnovskaya 2011, 128-47). They look for the workers that shares organisations values and vision. IKEA has developed a corruption policy, where the rules of corruption is very strict and an investigation policy has been provided to all their workers so as to make sure that they have no illegal practices is taking place within the workplace. Their support towards the children education and save the children campaign has helped the society. They are also distributing solar lamps as well as they have spent 1.35 million euros that will assist cotton farmers in enhancing their incomes and reducing pesticides use and water on their crops. Ikea developed the plan for recycling almost 87% of the waste it generates. Communication in IKEA Ikea has been taking use of effective communication mediums so as to ensure the smooth work process. In the retail sector it is very essential that a healthy communication is practiced at the workplace. Since Ikea believes in transforming the ways of doing business hence they have managed their operations in a better way (AKAY and BA?CAN 2016). They have regular programmes in their workplace where the demands and mood of the employees are heard. Their organisational structure is well communicated which helps in empowering the communications at IKEA. Their customer relationship program has been well defined and hence a high quality communication is established between the consumers and the company itself (Edvardsson and Enquist 2011, 535-551). Their employee engagement program has helped the firm in building the trust among the employees towards companys value and strategies. Their universal digital strategy with the use of social media has helped them in making better relations with their existing clients. They have implemented a communication mechanism where the chance of data leakage is less and information cannot be lost. It is also due to the use of modern technologies for the communication purpose. They generate their communication campaigns where they show themselves a bigger than life concept. For marketing communicating with their clients they have taken use of various mediums like televisions, new papers and advertisements through internet mediums (Singh 2013). This plays a crucial role in their business as their consumers wants to know about the plans and offers they have made. This company believes in transparent communication so that each and every stakeholder of the organisation has faith on the operations of the firm. Hey believe in the fact that health communication is always good for having healthy environment at the workplace. IKEA believes in strong corporate values and hence communication plays a decisive role in the strengthening the bonds b etween the workers as well as engraining companys culture to employees. They have a training program where the communication skills within the employees must be developed. This is highly necessary for having effective communication at the workplace. They have taken the approach of social communication which helps them in their CSR activities (Morsing and Roepstorff 2015, 395-409). Companys performance in the society is highly dependent on the internal and external communication they have incorporated. Communication has helped them in safeguarding against the failures that arise due to lack of information. Conclusion From the above based report it can be said that IKEA is one of the biggest company in the retail sector. In order to ensure their long term growth they have adopted a behaviour that is highly inclined towards the societys success. This behaviour of theirs has helped them in ensuring their position in the society. They have also taken many actions in the favour of the society and the stakeholders they have. It is also to be made sure that while they achieve a higher growth rate they do not undermine the responsibility they have towards their society. Apart from this they have incorporated an internal and external communication mechanism that helps them in ensuring smoothness in their work process as well as maintaining stronger relations with their clients. This also helps in avoiding the failures in the business due to confusions. References AKAY, Deniz, and Sarp BA?CAN. "Intercultural Communication and Crisis Management: Ikea Case Study."Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition7, no. 13 (2016). Alnge, Sverker, Gunilla Clancy, and Magnus Marmgren. "Naturalizing sustainability in product development: A comparative analysis of IKEA and SCA."Journal of Cleaner Production135 (2016): 1009-1022. Awan, Usama, Shakeel Sarwar, and Muhammad Amir Raza. "Green consumer behavior and environmental sustainability."Journal of Science Technology1, no. 1 (2011): 1-3. Blom, Mikael. "Visualization and establishment of product design regulations as interactive modules: An interaction design study at IKEA."Journal of Systems and Information Technology17, no. 1 (2015): 20-34. Edvardsson, Bo, and Bo Enquist. "The service excellence and innovation model: lessons from IKEA and other service frontiers."Total Quality Management Business Excellence22, no. 5 (2011): 535-551. Fuoli, Matteo. "Assessing social responsibility: A quantitative analysis of Appraisal in BPs and IKEAs social reports."Discourse Communication6, no. 1 (2012): 55-81. Liao, Li-yu. "Studying the relationship among the experiential value, satisfaction and, loyalty: An case study of IKEA."Unpublished master dissertation, National Suan Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan(2011). Morsing, Mette, and Anne Roepstorff. "CSR as corporate political activity: Observations on IKEAs CSR identityimage dynamics."Journal of Business Ethics128, no. 2 (2015): 395-409. Schirone, Dario A. "Customers behaviour analysis in furniture field: IKEA case in the Northern Part of Bari province." Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology2, no. 6 (2012): 54-73. Singh Aman Ikea: Suustainability and Profitability two ends of the same stick, Forbes, 2013, available at: https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/csr/2013/02/07/ikea-sustainability-and-profitability-two-ends-of-the-same-stick/refURL=referrer=#52523d7d71ba Tarnovskaya, Veronika V. "The brand I call home? Employee-brand appropriation at IKEA."Branded Lives: The Production and Consumption of Meaning at Work. Ed. Brannan, Matthew J., Elizabeth Parsons, and Vincenza Priola. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar(2011): 128-147. Tarnovskaya, Veronika V., and Leslie de Chernatony. "Internalising a brand across cultures: the case of IKEA."International Journal of Retail Distribution Management39, no. 8 (2011): 598-618.